Perils of Obedience :: essays research papers

indistinguishable from our standard investigation, then again, actually the educator was informed that he was allowed to choose any stun level of any on the preliminaries. (The experimenter went to considerable lengths to bring up that the educator could utilize the most significant levels on the generator, the least, any in the middle of, or any blend of levels.) Each subject continued for thirty basic preliminaries. The student's fights were co-ordinated to standard stun levels, his first snort coming at 75 volts, his first energetic dissent at 150 volts. The normal stun utilized during the thirty basic preliminaries was under 60 volts - lower than where the casualty gave the primary indications of distress. Three of the forty subjects didn't go past the most minimal level on the board, twenty-eight went no higher than 75 volts, and thirty-eight didn't go past the main boisterous dissent at 150 volts. Two subjects gave the exemption, managing up to 325 and 450 volts, however the general outcome was that the extraordinary larger part of individuals conveyed low, normally effortless, stuns when the decision was unequivocally up to them. The state of the examination sabotages another ordinarily offered clarification of the subjects' conduct - that the individuals who stunned the casualty at the most serious levels came uniquely from the savage edge of society. In the event that one thinks about that right around 66% of the members fall into the classification of "obedient" subjects, and that they spoke to common individuals drawn from working, administrative, and proficient classes, the contention turns out to be unsteady. Without a doubt, it is exceptionally suggestive of the issue that emerged regarding Hannah Arendt's 1963 book, Eichmann in Jerusalem. Arendt fought that the indictment's push to delineate Eichmann as a savage beast was on a very basic level wrong, that he came nearer to being a deadened official who essentially sat at his work area and carried out his responsibility. For affirming her perspectives, Arendt turned into the object of extensive hatred, even defamation. By one way or a nother, it was felt that the massive deeds completed by Eichmann required a merciless, wound character, underhanded in bodily form. In the wake of seeing many conventional people submit to the expert in our own tests, I should reason that Arendt's origination of the platitude of fiendishness comes nearer to reality than one may set out envision. The customary individual who stunned the casualty did as such out of a feeling of commitment - an impression of his obligations as a subject - and not from any particularly forceful propensities.

Night: the Holocaust and Figurative Language

â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel is a personal history wherein Elie’s life during the Holocaust is clarified. Elie Wiesel utilizes symbolism, non-literal language, and tenderness as apparatuses to communicate the detestations he encountered while living through a bad dream, the Holocaust. Elie depicts his encounters with symbolism. â€Å"Open rooms all over. Expanding entryways and windows watched out into the woid. Everything had a place with everybody since it no longer had a place with anybody. † â€Å"Some were crying. They utilized whatever quality they had left to cry. Why had they left themselves alone brought here?Why didn’t they pass on in their beds? Their words were scattered with cries. † (35). Elie discloses how individuals responded to finding their companions alive. You can picture how urgently they cried with an understanding regarding why they were crying. â€Å"The two men were not, at this point alive. Their tongues were hanging out, swollen and somewhat blue. In any case, the third rope was all the while moving: the youngster, excessively light, was all the while relaxing. Thus he stayed for the greater part 60 minutes, waiting among life and death†¦He was as yet alive when I passed him.His tongue was as yet red, his eyes not yet extinguished† (64-65). As an approach to show control, keep fear and forestall defiance, â€Å"prisoners† were hung. Elie depicts the horrifying hanging of a little fellow as he died in some horrible, nightmarish way a moderate, agonizing demise. The symbolism all through the book depicts, with detail, things that couldn’t be envisioned alone. Elie composes his collection of memoirs with non-literal language. â€Å"My soul had been attacked and eaten up by a dark flame† (37). Elie not, at this point felt like he was living. He utilizes a similitude to contrast the sentiment of his thrashing with his spirit being eaten. Everything I could hear was the vio lin, and it was as though Juliek’s soul had become his bow. He was playing his life. His entire being was coasting over the strings. His unfulfilled expectations. His roasted past, his quenched future. † (95). Elie meets Juliek, a man he knew before who played the violin in the Buna band, at the death camp in Buchenwald, and as Juliek plays his violin, Elie considers it to be Julie communicating how he felt. Elie composes how Juliek and his violin represented everyone’s musings and feelings.Using various kinds of non-literal language, Elie passes on the sentiments of annihilation and anguish they felt. The component of tenderness is likewise utilized by Elie as intends to portray his experience as he offers to our feelings. â€Å"Not a long way from us, blazes, immense flares, were ascending from a dump. Something was being singed there. A truck moved close and dumped its hold: little youngsters. Children! Indeed, I saw this with my own eyes †¦ youngsters t ossed into the flares. † (32). Elie depicts how the ones that couldn’t work were treated.Because kids were viewed as a block to the work, they were scorched to their demise. Indeed, even infants who haven’t got the opportunity to live were brutally killed. â€Å"The thought of biting the dust, of stopping to be, started to entrance me. To not exist anymore. To no longer feel the horrifying agony of my foot. To no longer feel anything, neither weariness nor cold, nothing. † (86). Elie was in so much torment living, her felt that perishing would feel better at that point living. He was enduring such a great amount to where he would even acknowledge demise on the off chance that it came.Elie composes with tenderness, as he requests to the readers’ feelings. Elie Wiesel’s life account, â€Å"Night†, utilizes numerous segments recorded as a hard copy a story that would enjoy perusers as they read how he lived and felt during the Holocaust. He utilizes things, for example, symbolism, non-literal language, and emotion as intends to do as such. The agony, the repulsions, the dread, the thrashing felt during that bad dream, the Holocaust; things that we wouldn’t ever have the option to genuinely comprehend except if we encountered it, he attempts his best to talk about his experience as a survivor.

Whats new and exciting

What’s new and exciting This afternoon, as I was walking past the Center for Ultracold Atoms on my way to biology recitation, I was stabbed by a deep, instinctive urge to blog about my shoes. Understand, reader, that I had journeyed by foot through many a congested intersection to the Cambridgeside Galleria in order to obtain a pair of shoes on a tax holiday (Columbus would have approved), and so this was somewhat significant. It turned out that someone in our wide, mysterious world was once compelled to design a pair of shoes exhibiting the minimum amount of traction possible, and so it happened that these were the shoes I bought. As I enjoyed the feeling of near-zero friction against the floor tiles, it became pretty clear that the bottom of my shoes at room temperature had properties usually associated with superconductors near absolute zero, thus qualifying them as a matter of interest to the Center for Ultracold Atoms. Here at MIT, everything is interrelated. Biology recitation began, and I kept thinking about blogging and shoes and how much energy I wasted today by walking on non-carpeted surfaces. Next thing that happened, someone was handing out a surprise quiz while my logical faculties were still on coffee break, and after plowing through a gigantic mental lapse, I barely managed to finish in time. It occurred to me that this was probably a more exciting thing to write about, since nearly every great story in the history of humankind is basically about people almost failing. By “every great story,” its entirely possible that I mean just Star Wars. So essentially, the fact that I was thinking about the subject of a blog caused an event that could have become the subject of a blog. And the fact that I was thinking about how thinking about the subject of a blog could cause an event that becomes the subject of a blog itself sort of became the subject of this blog. Pre-freshmen, heres where you come in: to ensure that this type of gnarly recursive situation never again inspires sentences like the one above, comment and suggest some blog topics that are less likely to generate self-reference loops and create a singularity. Since Im an extra-helpful person today, heres some suggestions for what you should suggest: 1.Living with a roommate 2.Roommate living with you 3.Why the Physical Education Lottery despises me 4.How to assert your domination over the Physical Education Lottery, which hates you. By “you,” I mean “me.” 5.The Random Hall Phone Experiment 6.Collecting junk @ MIT (its classier than it sounds, I swear) 7.Intro to Solid-state Chemistry (its a chem class with a minor identity confusion disorder!) 8.Going to office hours 9.Massachusetts Avenue 10.Course websites, theyre actually functional in college (unlike in high school) 11.Why Im actually a senior in high school right now, at least according to every college that keeps sending me mail. 12.How to get into MIT . . . literally. As in which doors to use and how to open them. Go forth! Suggest my suggestions! Or any other things!

Word Family Definition and Examples in English

A word family is a group of words with a common base  to which different prefixes and suffixes  are added. For example, members of the word family based on the headword, base, stem, or root word work include rework, worker, working, workshop, and workmanship, among others. Similar words are called paronyms.   Polyptoton  is the use of more than one of these words together, such as in this quote from the movie Fight Club: The things you  own  end up  owning  you. The repetition  can serve as a dramatic effect or for emphasis in writings ranging from plays and poetry to advertising and political speeches. Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes Dont plan to memorize all the word families, though. An analysis of a 1963 dictionary by scholars in 1990 found 54,000 word families. With English users creating new words all the time, its better to know how to work with the language and its roots, prefixes, and suffixes than to attempt to memorize it all. According to Birgit Umbreit, [L]anguage users are able to analyze complex words and to establish synchronic relations between words both formally and semantically because they have an implicit or even explicit knowledge of word-family organization. (Birgit Umbreit, Does Love  Come From  to Love  or  to Love  From  Love? Why Lexical Motivation Has to Be Regarded as Bidirectional,  from Cognitive Perspectives on Word Formation, edited by  Alexander Onysko and  Sascha Michel) Said in a simpler way, language learners can decode many new or unfamiliar words through understanding what different prefixes and suffixes do to a root word. The technique can also help people figure out spellings of words they hear or determine the etymology of a word. Frank E. Daulton wrote, [M]ost  linguists  agree that word families should be  transparent, in that learning a new item related to one already known should involve a minimum of learning burden...For instance, if a learner  knows  govern  and is familiar with the prefix  mis-, then  misgovern  requires little if any additional learning (Goulden et al., 1990).  Derivations  that dont meet the transparency criteria are not included in a word family but given separate listings; for instance,  business  (busy)... (Frank E. Daulton, Japans Built-in Lexicon of English-Based Loanwords) Breaking Words Into Parts The roots or stems dont have to be words on their own to make other words. For example, the root struct  forms the base of more than 30 English words; it comes from a Latin word for to build  and creates words such as: construction, structure, and constructive. Knowing that con-  as a prefix means with or together, you can see how the words construction and constructive  involve the creation of something. Knowing that the prefix de- means the opposite—to reduce or remove—and that the suffix -ion  indicates that a word is a noun, you can understand how the word destruction is created—or even the verb to deconstruct. Following the same pattern, look at contract and detract; a contract is something that joins parties in agreement, while to detract means to draw away from. Source Norbert Schmitt,  Vocabulary in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press.

Case Problem Textile Mill Scheduling - 1087 Words

Case Problem: Textile Mill Scheduling Assuming, X1 = Yards of fabric 1 purchased X2 = Yards of fabric 1 on dobbie looms X3 = Yards of fabric 2 purchased X4 = Yards of fabric 2 on dobbie looms X5 = Yards of fabric 3 purchased X61 = Yards of fabric 3 on dobbie looms X62 = Yards of fabric 3 on regular looms X7 = Yards of fabric 4 purchased X81 = Yards of fabric 4 on dobbie looms X82 = Yards of fabric 4 on regular looms X9 = Yards of fabric 5 purchased X101 = Yards of fabric 5 on dobbie looms X102 = Yards of fabric 5 on regular looms Production Times in Hours per Yard: Fabric | Dobbie | Regular | 1 | 1 / 4.63 = 0.215983 | - | 2 | 1 / 4.63 = 0.215983 | - | 3†¦show more content†¦A discussion of value addition of one loom (addition of 9th dobbie loom) Value of 9th Dobbie Loom: Dual Price (Constraint 6) = 0.6482 per dobbie hour Monthly Value of 1 Dobbie Loom (30 days)(24 hours/day)($0.64821) = $466.71 Increase in dobbie loom hours = (30 days)(24 hours/day) = 720 hours This change is within the Right-Hand Side Ranges for Constraint 6. Profit contribution of 1 additional dobbie loom = $466.71 ------------------------------------------------- Q4. Discussion of Objective Coefficient Ranges (cost maximization model) Objective coefficients in Profit Maximization model show profit contribution of each of the fabric type (purchased or produced). For profit maximization, we found that - Fabric 2 is not purchased, showing a reduced cost of .01, similarly, Fabric3 is not produced by dobbie loom (reduced cost of .46) or regular loom (reduced cost of .34). Fabric4 is also not purchased (reduced cost of .19) or produced by dobbie loom (reduced cost of .12). Same is for Fabric5 which is not purchased (reduced cost of .2) and not produced by dobbie loom (reduced cost of .15) Again, we found that Profit contribution of Fabric1 produced by dobbie loom ranges of 0.19 to 0.34, outside which solution would not remain optimal. ------------------------------------------------- Q5. Cost minimization objective Objective function: MinimizeShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis of Kota Fibers, Ltd Essay3444 Words   |  14 PagesCase Analysis of Kota Fibers, Ltd Name Date Executive summary Kota Fibers, Ltd engages in yarn production in Kota Town, India. Textile millers use the yarn to make traditional dresses (saris) for women in India. Kota Fibers has been in operation since 1962 and has over the years faced an annual growth rate of 15 percent. This due to the rapid growth of the female population in India. In January 2001, the Managing director of the company Ms. Pundir realized that the company has beenRead MoreHow the Industrial Revolution Affects Us Today5039 Words   |  21 Pagesthe raw materials, paid for the work, and took the risk of finding a market for their products. They often spread their operations to include workers in nearby villages. In the home, the whole family worked together making clothing, food products, textiles, and wood products. The way of life differed from place to place, depending on the climate, the soil, and the distance from towns and trade routes. For most people, life revolved around the agricultural seasons--planting, cultivating, harvestingRead MoreEssay on Kota Fibers3343 Words   |  14 Pagesyarns to local textile weavers mainly to make the traditional women’s dress in India; the saris. Ms. Pundir was both the managing director and principal owner of the company. Kota Fibres used new technology and domestic raw materials to produce their quality product. The demand for saris amounted to 12 billion yards of fabric The Case Papers Kota Fibres, Ltd. was founded in 1962 in Kota, India. Created to produce nylon Fibre, Kota Fibres provided synthetic Fibre yarns to local textile weavers mainlyRead MoreLead Time Management in Garment Sector6952 Words   |  28 PagesBangladesh and some other developing countries have gradually become the global players in international trade in RMG. However, the Multi-fibre Arrangement facility, which was extended to favour the least, developed countries in exporting garments and textile has phased out after 2005. Consequently, the beneficiaries of MFA, including Bangladesh are facing severe competition in the unprotected world market. At present, this sector is facing numerous challenges nationally and globally. Lead Time ManagementRead MoreEvolution of Production and Operations Management2318 Words   |  10 Pagesbusiness with clear line management responsibilities. (Chase, Jacobs, Aquilano, 2006:9) Operations management is the management of processes or systems that create goods and/or provide services. It encompasses forecasting, capacity planning, scheduling, managing inventories, assuring quality, motivating employees, deciding where to locate facilities, buying material and equipment and maintaining them, and more. (Stevenson, 2002:4) At the most fundamental level, operations management is aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of Welspun Corp Ltd. Essay9873 Words   |  40 Pagesare steel, energy, and textiles, doing business in over 50 countries with 24,000 employees and over 100,000 shareholders. Its clients include companies operating in the oil and gas and retail sectors such as Chevron, ExxonMobil, WalMart, and Target. As a US$ 3 billion company, Welspun Group is one of India’s fastest growing conglomerates, registered at a CAGR of 30% over the last decade. Welspun is a fully integrated player within the Pipes, Plates Coils and Home Textiles sector, while it also hasRead MoreAn Introduction to Management Science 12th Edition Anderson Manual5638 Words   |  23 PagesSolutions to Case Problems Manual to Accompany An Introduction To Management Science Quantitative Approaches To Decision Making Twelfth Edition David R. Anderson University of Cincinnati Dennis J. Sweeney University of Cincinnati Thomas A. Williams Rochester Institute of Technology R. Kipp Martin University of Chicago South-Western Cincinnati, Ohio Contents Preface Chapter 1: Introduction â™ ¦ Scheduling a Golf League Chapter 2: An Introduction to Linear Programming â™ ¦ WorkloadRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 Pagesfarming practices have been influenced very little by modern Western techniques. However, a modern hemp degumming, spinning, and weaving mill was constructed in the village of Dong Ping in Tai an District in 1987. In 1993, a Chinese-Dutch joint venture Figure 1. Shandong hemp farmers use traditional methods to grow and process their crop. invested in the hemp mill and began to influence the local cultivation, market structure, and processing of hemp. This article documents the traditional hemp farmingRead More Motivation Theory: Ensuring Success of the Workplace Essay4958 Words   |  20 Pagesresults. All engineers, whether in a management position or not, should understand motivation theory so that they can help ensure the success of their workplace. Having a firm understanding of motivation the ory will allow us to draw conclusions from case studies and decide how engineering managers can be most successful. A. History of Motivation Theory: Thousands of years before the word motivation entered the managers vocabulary, people realized the importance of influencing workersRead MoreProject Management15109 Words   |  61 Pagessimple two-step sequence: Plan before doing, or the more popular exhortation Plan Your Work, Work Your Plan! This basic concept is the foundation of the project life cycle by which projects need to be managed. First plan, then produce. As in the case of all definitions, the term program / project has a variety of meaning. Definition of a project 1. Programs / Projects are tools to achieve the plan goals. E.g. Plan goal – Removal of poverty. Plan tool – IRDP, JRY, TRYSEM etc. 2. A project is an

Management Information Systems At Access Fulfillment Ltd Free Essays

Introduction In an organizational setting, the main application of information is in making sound decisions and finding the best remedies to a problem. These practices are closely related, and form foundations of all successful companies (Oz, 2008: p.8). We will write a custom essay sample on Management Information Systems At Access Fulfillment Ltd or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to achieve this, most organizations have embraced different information systems. By definition, an information system is a collection of related company resources, which aid in retrieval, processing and distribution of information that supports the decision making process. (Heijden, H., Heijden, M. and Govardus, 2009: p.3). It obtains data as input and uses it to process and output useful information for decision making. In this paper, we explore on the application of Management Information Systems by Access Fulfilment Limited, a distribution company for a wide range of products, based in Kent, U.K. Management Information Systems at Access Fulfilment Limited According to Sadagopan (2004: p.1), management information systems (MIS) are computer based systems which provide access to data, which is speedy and flexible. There are several management areas where the management information systems have been used to make strategic decisions at Access Fulfilment Ltd. Management Information Systems for Decisions on New Warehouse Locations In an effort to expand the company, new offices and branches are often opened in different locations. To identify the most ideal locations, management information systems often aid in this analysis. Before a final decision is made, internal company information, as well as environmental information is generated by a management information system. This information includes both the shot and long term aspects that should be considered before setting up the new branch. These include the market and changeability, which is a prediction of the possible market response at the tine the branch is set up and the government policy, among others. For the warehouse branches that have been opened in the recent past, which are at Suffolk and Bristol, this system has provided the management team with the necessary information they need to execute the correct strategic decisions. As stated by Sadagopan (2004: p.14), strategic management information systems require mechanisms necessary for the assimilation of environmental information. This is necessary for influencing strategic decisions systematically. Management Information Systems for Decisions on Alternate Financing In every business, the decision for alternate financing is one of several strategic decisions that need sufficient information before being arrived at (Depamphlis, 2010: p.209). At Access Fulfilment Limited, a summary of status information about the internal financial status of the company is made. This summary is then referred to when such decisions are being made. This summary includes details on payrolls, the company budget, overruns, and variance analyses. In addition to this, external information, which is critical to the long-term status of the company, is also considered. The knowledge of these components of the business environment has enabled the managers of the company to make strategic decisions on this issue. This strategic decision, which applies the management information system, has turned out to benefit the company. For more than ten years that Access Fulfilment Limited has been in business, it has experienced substantial growth. One of the contributions towards this is alternate financing decisions. Management Information Systems for Decisions on Maintaining Competitiveness Competition is one of the major challenges faced by every business organizations (Waters, 2010: p.6). For Access Fulfilment Limited, the main sources of competition are other distribution companies that were in business even before it was founded. Having an advantage of a broader customer base as compared to Access Fulfilment Limited, these companies were difficult to compete with. Thus, decisions that had to be made by management to overcome this were very significant for the company. Management information systems aided in making decisions. Through the application of this information system, vital information about these competitors was obtained. This information comprised of the competitors’ present and future strategies for their distribution businesses. This information was quite helpful to the company. Since the managers were aware of what their competitors had planned, strategic decisions about advertisement and all other marketing functions of the company were arrived at. This enhanced Access Fulfilment Limited’s competitiveness in the market. It has also helped the company survive and grow for the period that it has been in the market, as is hopeful for further growth. For this reason, the application of the management information system has been beneficial to Access Fulfilment Limited. Management Information Systems for Decisions on Employee welfare Policies Any decision that concerns an organization’s welfare policy is among the strategic decisions that are taken by personnel management. In order to execute this decision successfully, internal information about the staff members is vital (Sadagopan, 2004: p.15). At Access Fulfilment, the information that influences such decisions includes staff size, quality of staff, their salary enumerations, motivations, and many more. However, what really governs this decision in the organization is the future vision and plans that the managers have. It is also governed by the probable labour market conditions in the business environment. By the application of management information systems, both the internal and external information needed by Access Fulfilment is obtained. This system has been quite resourceful in terms of setting the salaries for employees and motivating them. This strategy has enabled the company to retain most of their pioneer employees. Had the company failed to apply this system, probably the external job market could have been promising for the employees without the knowledge of the management team. Thus, failure or delay in adjusting the welfare of the employees to match or surpass the external market could prompt some of them to leave. The Relationship between Management Information Systems and Other Information Systems At Access Fulfilment Limited, several information systems are applied. Apart from the management information system (MIS), there is the executive support system (ESS), decision support system (DSS) and the knowledge management system (KMS), among others. One common thing about these information systems is that they all contribute towards the making of sound decisions that will see the company grow. What differentiates these systems is the level of management in which they are used and when they are used. The executive support system, for instance, is used by top level executives in decision making (Stair Reynolds, 2011: p.446). Thus, for this company in as much as management information systems are used on various management levels, executive support systems are exclusive to the top management. Decision support systems, on the other hand is a support system for the management, with more capabilities than the management information systems (Janakiraman Sarukesi, 2004: p.26) Conclusion Access fulfilment has been experiencing reasonable growth ever since 2000, when it started business. Although this cannot be entirely attributed to management information systems, it has been shown that these systems have had their contribution to its success. As aforementioned, this support system has been of great aid to the company in terms of strategic decision making. The aim of management information systems is to offer the right information from company reports (Sarukesi, 2004: p.26). Among the several strategic decisions that this system has helped make, this paper has addressed decisions for new locations, employee welfare policies, alternate financing and maintaining competitiveness in the business. On evaluating of this system at Access Fulfilment Limited, it can be concluded that it has been of a positive impact to the company. REFERENCE Depamphlis, D. 2010. Mergers and Acquisitions Basics: All You Need to Know. Oxford: Academic Press. Heijden, H., Heijden, M. and Govardus, J. 2009. Designing Management Information Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Janakiraman, V. S. and Sarukesi, K. 2004. Decision Support Systems. Delhi: PHI Publishers. Oz, E. 2008. Management Information Systems. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. Sadagopan, S. 2004. Management Information Systems. Delhi: PHI Learning. Stair, R. and Reynolds, G. 2011. Principles of Information Systems. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. Waters, T.J. 2010. Hyperformance: Using Competitive Intelligence for Better Strategy and Execution. California: John Wiley Sons. How to cite Management Information Systems At Access Fulfillment Ltd, Essay examples

What is International Law Essays - Foreign Relations, Law

What is International Law? International law can be defined as a b ody of legal rules set for countries in dealing with each other. There are three legal processes which are identified in international law and they are Public international law, Private international law and supranational law. Public international law deals with the international entities such as the international criminal court and the relationship between sovereign states. Private law refers to that part of the law which is administered between private citizens of different countries and is concerned with the rights of these citizens. Supranational Law can be defined as a set of laws that sovereign states voluntarily submit to. The only globally accepted supranational tribunals are The United Nations Security Council and subordinate organizations such as the International Court of Justice ("What Is International Law" . n.d. ). What is Self - defence ? Self - Defence is defined as the use of reasonable force in protection of one's self, family or property. Self Defence is simple but it raises logical questions when applied to actual events which can be in itself complex or as simple as the definition of it. For example how does one know how much force is considered a reasonable force? Is it okay to kill an attacker as a victim in this situation? What if the attacker was provoked by the victim? When it comes to citizens of states of countries, self defence , have three basic laws of self- defence , they include Stand your Ground where in some states like Florida that passed this law in 2005 now allows a person to instead of trying to avoid the conflict first, a victim can use deadly force in a threatening situation if they see it needed. Meanwhile in some states like Massachusetts the Duty to Retreat law is still in effect and it states that any victim in a threatening position must first see k to retreat and if cornered, then is allowed to use deadly force. The Castle Doctrine law of self defence states that if there is an intruder within a victim's property, it is okay to use deadly force immediately ("Self-Defense Overview". n.d .). Self- Defence of a sovereign state to security threats as a member of the United Nations must follow rules of the charter in order to maintain peace and security. It is stated within the U . N Charter "Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self- defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security" ( U.N Charter art. 51, para . 1 ). Upon analysis we can note that in order for a member of the United Nations to take any self-defensi ve action the Security Council must deem it necessary, and first try to maintain international peace. Dealing with the contemporary security threats faced by Nations like terrorist bombing and declaration s of war, hacking, Economic attacks, this would not prove to be very efficient in dealing with them quickly, seeing that a country needs the permission of the inter-gover n mental organisation The United Nations Secu rity Council. Stated within the U.N C harter "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations" ( U.N Charter art. 2, para . 4 ). The integral right of self-defence recognised in Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations "if an armed attack occurs" states that there is an exception to the statement prohibiting the use of force under U.N Charter article 2 paragraph 4 ( Wilmshurst , 2005). Upon further examination