Word Family Definition and Examples in English

A word family is a group of words with a common base  to which different prefixes and suffixes  are added. For example, members of the word family based on the headword, base, stem, or root word work include rework, worker, working, workshop, and workmanship, among others. Similar words are called paronyms.   Polyptoton  is the use of more than one of these words together, such as in this quote from the movie Fight Club: The things you  own  end up  owning  you. The repetition  can serve as a dramatic effect or for emphasis in writings ranging from plays and poetry to advertising and political speeches. Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes Dont plan to memorize all the word families, though. An analysis of a 1963 dictionary by scholars in 1990 found 54,000 word families. With English users creating new words all the time, its better to know how to work with the language and its roots, prefixes, and suffixes than to attempt to memorize it all. According to Birgit Umbreit, [L]anguage users are able to analyze complex words and to establish synchronic relations between words both formally and semantically because they have an implicit or even explicit knowledge of word-family organization. (Birgit Umbreit, Does Love  Come From  to Love  or  to Love  From  Love? Why Lexical Motivation Has to Be Regarded as Bidirectional,  from Cognitive Perspectives on Word Formation, edited by  Alexander Onysko and  Sascha Michel) Said in a simpler way, language learners can decode many new or unfamiliar words through understanding what different prefixes and suffixes do to a root word. The technique can also help people figure out spellings of words they hear or determine the etymology of a word. Frank E. Daulton wrote, [M]ost  linguists  agree that word families should be  transparent, in that learning a new item related to one already known should involve a minimum of learning burden...For instance, if a learner  knows  govern  and is familiar with the prefix  mis-, then  misgovern  requires little if any additional learning (Goulden et al., 1990).  Derivations  that dont meet the transparency criteria are not included in a word family but given separate listings; for instance,  business  (busy)... (Frank E. Daulton, Japans Built-in Lexicon of English-Based Loanwords) Breaking Words Into Parts The roots or stems dont have to be words on their own to make other words. For example, the root struct  forms the base of more than 30 English words; it comes from a Latin word for to build  and creates words such as: construction, structure, and constructive. Knowing that con-  as a prefix means with or together, you can see how the words construction and constructive  involve the creation of something. Knowing that the prefix de- means the opposite—to reduce or remove—and that the suffix -ion  indicates that a word is a noun, you can understand how the word destruction is created—or even the verb to deconstruct. Following the same pattern, look at contract and detract; a contract is something that joins parties in agreement, while to detract means to draw away from. Source Norbert Schmitt,  Vocabulary in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press.

Case Problem Textile Mill Scheduling - 1087 Words

Case Problem: Textile Mill Scheduling Assuming, X1 = Yards of fabric 1 purchased X2 = Yards of fabric 1 on dobbie looms X3 = Yards of fabric 2 purchased X4 = Yards of fabric 2 on dobbie looms X5 = Yards of fabric 3 purchased X61 = Yards of fabric 3 on dobbie looms X62 = Yards of fabric 3 on regular looms X7 = Yards of fabric 4 purchased X81 = Yards of fabric 4 on dobbie looms X82 = Yards of fabric 4 on regular looms X9 = Yards of fabric 5 purchased X101 = Yards of fabric 5 on dobbie looms X102 = Yards of fabric 5 on regular looms Production Times in Hours per Yard: Fabric | Dobbie | Regular | 1 | 1 / 4.63 = 0.215983 | - | 2 | 1 / 4.63 = 0.215983 | - | 3†¦show more content†¦A discussion of value addition of one loom (addition of 9th dobbie loom) Value of 9th Dobbie Loom: Dual Price (Constraint 6) = 0.6482 per dobbie hour Monthly Value of 1 Dobbie Loom (30 days)(24 hours/day)($0.64821) = $466.71 Increase in dobbie loom hours = (30 days)(24 hours/day) = 720 hours This change is within the Right-Hand Side Ranges for Constraint 6. Profit contribution of 1 additional dobbie loom = $466.71 ------------------------------------------------- Q4. Discussion of Objective Coefficient Ranges (cost maximization model) Objective coefficients in Profit Maximization model show profit contribution of each of the fabric type (purchased or produced). For profit maximization, we found that - Fabric 2 is not purchased, showing a reduced cost of .01, similarly, Fabric3 is not produced by dobbie loom (reduced cost of .46) or regular loom (reduced cost of .34). Fabric4 is also not purchased (reduced cost of .19) or produced by dobbie loom (reduced cost of .12). Same is for Fabric5 which is not purchased (reduced cost of .2) and not produced by dobbie loom (reduced cost of .15) Again, we found that Profit contribution of Fabric1 produced by dobbie loom ranges of 0.19 to 0.34, outside which solution would not remain optimal. ------------------------------------------------- Q5. 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Management Information Systems At Access Fulfillment Ltd Free Essays

Introduction In an organizational setting, the main application of information is in making sound decisions and finding the best remedies to a problem. These practices are closely related, and form foundations of all successful companies (Oz, 2008: p.8). We will write a custom essay sample on Management Information Systems At Access Fulfillment Ltd or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to achieve this, most organizations have embraced different information systems. By definition, an information system is a collection of related company resources, which aid in retrieval, processing and distribution of information that supports the decision making process. (Heijden, H., Heijden, M. and Govardus, 2009: p.3). It obtains data as input and uses it to process and output useful information for decision making. In this paper, we explore on the application of Management Information Systems by Access Fulfilment Limited, a distribution company for a wide range of products, based in Kent, U.K. Management Information Systems at Access Fulfilment Limited According to Sadagopan (2004: p.1), management information systems (MIS) are computer based systems which provide access to data, which is speedy and flexible. There are several management areas where the management information systems have been used to make strategic decisions at Access Fulfilment Ltd. Management Information Systems for Decisions on New Warehouse Locations In an effort to expand the company, new offices and branches are often opened in different locations. To identify the most ideal locations, management information systems often aid in this analysis. Before a final decision is made, internal company information, as well as environmental information is generated by a management information system. This information includes both the shot and long term aspects that should be considered before setting up the new branch. These include the market and changeability, which is a prediction of the possible market response at the tine the branch is set up and the government policy, among others. For the warehouse branches that have been opened in the recent past, which are at Suffolk and Bristol, this system has provided the management team with the necessary information they need to execute the correct strategic decisions. As stated by Sadagopan (2004: p.14), strategic management information systems require mechanisms necessary for the assimilation of environmental information. This is necessary for influencing strategic decisions systematically. Management Information Systems for Decisions on Alternate Financing In every business, the decision for alternate financing is one of several strategic decisions that need sufficient information before being arrived at (Depamphlis, 2010: p.209). At Access Fulfilment Limited, a summary of status information about the internal financial status of the company is made. This summary is then referred to when such decisions are being made. This summary includes details on payrolls, the company budget, overruns, and variance analyses. In addition to this, external information, which is critical to the long-term status of the company, is also considered. The knowledge of these components of the business environment has enabled the managers of the company to make strategic decisions on this issue. This strategic decision, which applies the management information system, has turned out to benefit the company. For more than ten years that Access Fulfilment Limited has been in business, it has experienced substantial growth. One of the contributions towards this is alternate financing decisions. Management Information Systems for Decisions on Maintaining Competitiveness Competition is one of the major challenges faced by every business organizations (Waters, 2010: p.6). For Access Fulfilment Limited, the main sources of competition are other distribution companies that were in business even before it was founded. Having an advantage of a broader customer base as compared to Access Fulfilment Limited, these companies were difficult to compete with. Thus, decisions that had to be made by management to overcome this were very significant for the company. Management information systems aided in making decisions. Through the application of this information system, vital information about these competitors was obtained. This information comprised of the competitors’ present and future strategies for their distribution businesses. This information was quite helpful to the company. Since the managers were aware of what their competitors had planned, strategic decisions about advertisement and all other marketing functions of the company were arrived at. This enhanced Access Fulfilment Limited’s competitiveness in the market. It has also helped the company survive and grow for the period that it has been in the market, as is hopeful for further growth. For this reason, the application of the management information system has been beneficial to Access Fulfilment Limited. Management Information Systems for Decisions on Employee welfare Policies Any decision that concerns an organization’s welfare policy is among the strategic decisions that are taken by personnel management. In order to execute this decision successfully, internal information about the staff members is vital (Sadagopan, 2004: p.15). At Access Fulfilment, the information that influences such decisions includes staff size, quality of staff, their salary enumerations, motivations, and many more. However, what really governs this decision in the organization is the future vision and plans that the managers have. It is also governed by the probable labour market conditions in the business environment. By the application of management information systems, both the internal and external information needed by Access Fulfilment is obtained. This system has been quite resourceful in terms of setting the salaries for employees and motivating them. This strategy has enabled the company to retain most of their pioneer employees. Had the company failed to apply this system, probably the external job market could have been promising for the employees without the knowledge of the management team. Thus, failure or delay in adjusting the welfare of the employees to match or surpass the external market could prompt some of them to leave. The Relationship between Management Information Systems and Other Information Systems At Access Fulfilment Limited, several information systems are applied. Apart from the management information system (MIS), there is the executive support system (ESS), decision support system (DSS) and the knowledge management system (KMS), among others. One common thing about these information systems is that they all contribute towards the making of sound decisions that will see the company grow. What differentiates these systems is the level of management in which they are used and when they are used. The executive support system, for instance, is used by top level executives in decision making (Stair Reynolds, 2011: p.446). Thus, for this company in as much as management information systems are used on various management levels, executive support systems are exclusive to the top management. Decision support systems, on the other hand is a support system for the management, with more capabilities than the management information systems (Janakiraman Sarukesi, 2004: p.26) Conclusion Access fulfilment has been experiencing reasonable growth ever since 2000, when it started business. Although this cannot be entirely attributed to management information systems, it has been shown that these systems have had their contribution to its success. As aforementioned, this support system has been of great aid to the company in terms of strategic decision making. The aim of management information systems is to offer the right information from company reports (Sarukesi, 2004: p.26). Among the several strategic decisions that this system has helped make, this paper has addressed decisions for new locations, employee welfare policies, alternate financing and maintaining competitiveness in the business. On evaluating of this system at Access Fulfilment Limited, it can be concluded that it has been of a positive impact to the company. REFERENCE Depamphlis, D. 2010. Mergers and Acquisitions Basics: All You Need to Know. Oxford: Academic Press. Heijden, H., Heijden, M. and Govardus, J. 2009. Designing Management Information Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Janakiraman, V. S. and Sarukesi, K. 2004. Decision Support Systems. Delhi: PHI Publishers. Oz, E. 2008. Management Information Systems. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. Sadagopan, S. 2004. Management Information Systems. Delhi: PHI Learning. Stair, R. and Reynolds, G. 2011. Principles of Information Systems. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. Waters, T.J. 2010. Hyperformance: Using Competitive Intelligence for Better Strategy and Execution. California: John Wiley Sons. How to cite Management Information Systems At Access Fulfillment Ltd, Essay examples